Le laboratoire national d’Argonne (en anglais Argonne National Laboratory ou ANL) est l’un des plus importants laboratoires de recherche des États-Unis, créé par le gouvernement fédéral des États-Unis le 1er juillet 1946 pour poursuivre la recherche et développement dans le domaine de l’utilisation de l’énergie nucléaire.
Argonne est le centre d’origine des recherches nucléaires aux États-Unis. Il est issu du projet Manhattan pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et, au début, était sous la direction d’Enrico Fermi qui avait dirigé les travaux de recherche pour achever la première réaction en chaîne de fission nucléaire contrôlée menés à l’université de Chicago. Parmi les employés originels d’Argonne, plusieurs ont participé, avant de travailler pour Argonne, au projet Manhattan.
What would become Argonne began in 1942 as the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, which had become part of the Manhattan Project. The Met Lab built Chicago Pile-1, the world’s first nuclear reactor, under the stands of the University of Chicago sports stadium. Considered unsafe, in 1943, CP-1 was reconstructed as CP-2, in what is today known as Red Gate Woods but was then the Argonne Forest of the Cook County Forest Preserve District near Palos Hills. The lab was named after the surrounding forest, which in turn was named after the Forest of Argonne in France where U.S. troops fought in World War I. Fermi’s pile was originally going to be constructed in the Argonne forest, and construction plans were set in motion, but a labor dispute brought the project to a halt. Since speed was paramount, the project was moved to the squash court under Stagg Field, the football stadium on the campus of the University of Chicago. Fermi told them that he was sure of his calculations, which said that it would not lead to a runaway reaction, which would have contaminated the city.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoire_national_d%27Argonne